Moving Beyond Disrespect and Abuse: A Mixed Method Study to Explore the Prevalence and Experiences of Postnatal Mothers on Disrespect and Abuse during Childbirth in Selected Urban Slums of Udaipur City (Rajasthan)

Abstract

Obstetric violence, encompassing disrespect and abuse during childbirth, poses a significant barrier to equitable healthcare and maternal mortality reduction. Understanding postnatal mothers’ experiences is essential for promoting respectful maternity care (RMC). This mixed-methods study explored the prevalence and experiences of disrespect and abuse during childbirth among 16 postnatal mothers in urban slums of Udaipur, Rajasthan, using an explanatory sequential design. Quantitative data revealed that physical abuse (43.75%), poor communication with healthcare providers (35.42%), and lack of dignified care (34.09%) were prevalent issues. Verbal abuse (12.5%) and stigma/discrimination (16.67%) were less common but significant. Sociodemographic factors, particularly maternal age and age of the last child, influenced these experiences. Qualitative findings highlighted systemic gaps, including neglect, unconsented procedures, overcrowding, lack of privacy, and discrimination based on caste, hygiene, and socioeconomic status. The study underscores the urgent need for healthcare system strengthening, staff training, and policy reforms to promote equitable and RMC. By integrating quantitative patterns with qualitative narratives, this mixed-methods approach provides actionable insights for addressing complex healthcare challenges. Strengthening RMC practices is critical for reducing maternal trauma and achieving better maternal health outcomes.