Determinants of anemia among pregnant women in jeneponto regency

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of anemia among pregnant women is becoming public health problem worldwide including Indonesia. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and determinant factors of anemia among pregnant mothers in Jeneponto Regency, Indonesia.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in six sub-districts (Bangkala, Bontoramba, Tamalatea, Binamu, Tarowang, and Kelara subdistricts) in Jeneponto Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. A total 616 samples of pregnant women were evaluated. The DiaspectTM tool was used to measure hemoglobin (Hb) by Cyanmethemoglobin method. Data regarding household characteristics, pregnancy history, maternal age, supplementary feeding (PMT) programme enrolment, and dietary pattern was collected by trained enumerators. Data were analyzed using chi-square and performed by SPSS.
Results: There was 17.3% of study participant did not complete primary school or never attended school. As many as 82.4% of households had members that still actively smoked. The majority of households had latrines (62.0%), homes constructed from wood/bamboo (69.5%), and drinking water from cement wells (28.2%). The average body weight and height were 53.88 kg and 152.37 cm, respectively. The average middle-upper arm circumference was 25.72 cm, and mean Hb was 11.31 g/dL. The prevalence of anemia in Jeneponto Regency reached 39.08%. Only two determinant factors were significantly associated with anemia: Gestational age and PMT programme enrollment.
Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in Jeneponto Regency remains very high and exceeds global and national prevalence rates. Gestational age and PMT programme enrollment are two anemia determinant factors among pregnant mothers in Jeneponto Regency.