Clonidine Premedication Decreases Hemodynamic Responses to Pin Head-Holder Application during Craniotomy

Abstract

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of intravenous Clonidine hydrochloride on hemodynamic changes associated with laryngoscopy and pin head-holder application in patients undergoing craniotomies. Method: Fifty, adult patients of ASA grade I & II were included in this study and divided in two groups of 25 each. Group-I patients received 5 ml of normal saline 10-15 minutes before induction while in group-II injection Clonidine hydrochloride 2 mcg/kg was given. We observed mean blood pressure and heart rate at 1, 3 and 5 minutes after laryngoscopy and application of pin head- holder. We also studied intraoperative events and postoperative side effects. Results: Increase in heart rate and blood pressure during laryngoscopy and pin insertion was attenuated by Clonidine hydrochloride (P< 0.001). The number of patients developed hypertension were more in control group than Clonidine group and required another drug to stabilize the hypertensive response. Two patients in Clonidine group developed bradycardia but treated with drug. Conclusion: We concluded that intravenous Clonidine hydrochloride given in the dose of 2 mcg/kg was safe and appropriate as a premedication drug for adequate control of heart rate and blood pressure thus, maintaining intracranial pressure for neurosurgical anesthesia.